Potassium regulation in the neonate

AbstractPotassium, the major cation in intracelluar fluids, is essential for vital biological functions. Neonates maintain a net positive potassium balance, which is fundamental to ensure somatic growth but places these infants, especially those born prematurely, at risk for life-threatening disturbances in potassium concentration [K+] in the extracellular fluid compartment. Potassium conservation is achieved by maximizing gastrointestinal absorption and minimizing renal losses. A markedly low glomerular filtration rate, plus adaptations in tubular transport along the nephron, result in low potassium excretion in the urine of neonates. Careful evaluation of clinical data using reference values that are normal for the neonate ’s postmenstrual age is critical to avoid over-treating infants with laboratory results that represent physiologic values for their developmental stage. The treatment should be aimed at correcting the primary cause when possible. Alterations in the levels or sensitivity to aldosterone are common i n neonates. In symptomatic patients, the disturbances in [K+] should be corrected promptly, with close electrocardiographic monitoring. Plasma [K+] should be monitored during the first 72 h of life in all premature infants born before 30 weeks of postmenstrual age as these infants are prone to develop non-oliguric hyperkalemia with potential serious complications.

Conclusion Our results suggest that MSCs and CM have a recovery effect on cardiac disturbances due to obesity and corroborate to the paracrine action of MSCs in heart disease models.

AbstractBackgroundConsidering inherent limitations of transthoracic echocardiography, the diagnostic accuracy of cardiac CT in identifying coronary artery anatomy before arterial switch operation needs to be investigated with recently improved coronary artery visibility using electrocardiogram (ECG)-synchronized dual-source CT.ObjectiveTo compare diagnostic accuracy between cardiac CT using a dual-source scanner and transthoracic echocardiography in identifying coronary artery anatomy before arterial switch operation in newborns and young infants.Materials and methodsThe study included 101 infants (median age 4  days,...

rbála Hunyadi Electrocardiography has added value to automatically detect seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. The wired hospital system is not suited for a long-term seizure detection system at home. To address this need, the performance of two wearable devices, based on electrocardiography (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG), are compared with hospital ECG using an existing seizure detection algorithm. This algorithm classifies the seizures on the basis of heart rate features, extracted from the heart rate increase. The algorithm was applied to recordings of 11 patients in a hospital setting wit...

ConclusionsFrom this initial experience, ivabradine is safe in patients younger than 18  years with POTS. We observed improvement of symptoms in 68% and phosphenes in less than 5%. Further studies are needed to assess the safety in a randomized control setting.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) carries a risk of sudden death. We aimed to assess whether vectorcardiographic (VCG) parameters directed toward the right heart and a measured...

This study investigated the role of basal cardiac activity and inhibitory control at the beginning of the school year in predicting oral comprehension at the end of the year in pre‐schoolers. Forty‐three, 4‐year‐olds participated in the study. At the beginning of the school year children's electrocardiogram at rest was registered followed by the assessment of inhibitory control as well as verbal working memory and verbal ability. At the end of the year all children were administered a listening comprehension ability measure. A stepwise regression showed a significant effect of basal cardiac vagal tone in predicting...

This study suggests that RA has potent cardioprotective effects against AMI and arrhythmia, which may be due to its ability to enhance expression of plasma antioxidant enzymes and genes involved in Ca(2+) homeostasis SERCA2 and RyR2. The protective role of RA is also possibly related to its antiadrenergic effects. PMID: 28988521 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Conclusion It is necessary to report which wavelet is used when performing wavelet transform based heart rate variability analysis and depending on whether one is interested in detecting onset or intensity of changes performance of wavelets will vary.

Publication date: February 2018 Source:Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, Volume 40 Author(s): Salah Hamdi, Asma Ben Abdallah, Mohamed Hedi Bedoui A novel approach is proposed for medical analysis and clinical decision support of the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals based on the deterministic finite automata (DFA) with the addition of some requirements. This paper proves regular grammar is effective in the extraction of QRS complex and interpretation of ECG signals. The DFA will be used to represent a normalized QRS complex as a sequence of negative and positive peaks. A QRS is considered as a set of adjacent peaks ...

MC Rajesh, Sushma Kondi, EK RamdasIndian Journal of Anaesthesia 2017 61(10):857-859